MicroRNA expression altered by diet: Can food be medicinal?

•microRNA's affected by diet are reviewed.•microRNA families most dysregulated are discussed.•The same families role in disease is illustrated.•Diet therefore, may be used to treat disease.

As the link between metabolism and major disease processes becomes more well-defined, the identification of key molecular targets is leading to new therapeutic strategies. As a result, small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression via epigenetic alterations, microRNAs have been identified as regulators of these metabolic processes. In the last decade, dietary interventions have been used to change metabolism and to potentially alter disease progression and clinical outcomes. These interventions have been linked, at a molecular level, to microRNAs. This review will summarize the role of various dietary strategies on the expression of several microRNA families.