| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 192001 | Electrochimica Acta | 2010 | 6 Pages |
Self-organized macroporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) films are obtained by anodic oxidation of DC-sputtered tungsten (W) layers on 10 mm × 25 mm indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass. Under optimized experimental conditions, uniformly macroporous WO3 films with a thickness of ca. 350 nm are formed. The film shows a connected network with average pore size of 100 nm and a pore wall thickness of approximately 30 nm. The anodized film becomes transparent after annealing without significant change in macroporous structure. In 0.1 M H2SO4, the macroporous WO3 films show enhanced electrochromic properties with a coloration efficiency of 58 cm2 C−1. Large modulation of transmittance (∼50% at 632.8 nm) and a switching speed of about 8 s are also achieved with this macroporous film.
