Bacterial inhibiting surfaces caused by the effects of silver release and/or electrical field

In this study, silver–palladium surfaces and silver-bearing stainless steels were designed and investigated focusing on electrochemical principles to form inhibiting effects on planktonic and/or biofilm bacteria in water systems. Silver-resistant Escherichia coli and silver-sensitive E. coli were used for the evaluation of inhibiting effects and the inhibiting mechanism. For silver–palladium surfaces combined with bacteria in media, the inhibiting effect was a result of electrochemical interactions and/or electrical field, and in some specific media, such as ammonium containing, undesired silver ions release can occur from their surfaces. For silver-bearing stainless steels, the inhibiting effect can only be explained by high local silver ions release, and can be limited or deactivated dependent on the specific environment.