Potentiometric all solid-state pH glass sensors

The following paper compares various pH glass electrodes which are currently on the market with some which have been developed by us. Some of these electrodes have metal contacted pH membranes while others have been prepared using a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic conducting polymeric coatings on the selective glass. Using conductive polymers in electrochemical sensors has several obvious advantages, particularly with regard to their mechanical stability. However, the electrodes discussed in this paper do not demonstrate the electrochemical sensitivity of the conventional glass electrodes filled with electrolytic solutions.This paper is also an attempt to describe various techniques of applying oxidic bronzes of transition metals to form mechanically stable, potentiometric measuring chains.