Whole-Brain Imaging with Single-Cell Resolution Using Chemical Cocktails and Computational Analysis

•Simple and efficient brain-clearing reagents and image informatics were developed•CUBIC is applicable to imaging of fluorescent proteins in adult brains and 3D-IHC•The CUBIC method is scalable from a primate brain to subcellular structures•CUBIC enables whole-brain imaging with single-cell resolution

SummarySystems-level identification and analysis of cellular circuits in the brain will require the development of whole-brain imaging with single-cell resolution. To this end, we performed comprehensive chemical screening to develop a whole-brain clearing and imaging method, termed CUBIC (clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis). CUBIC is a simple and efficient method involving the immersion of brain samples in chemical mixtures containing aminoalcohols, which enables rapid whole-brain imaging with single-photon excitation microscopy. CUBIC is applicable to multicolor imaging of fluorescent proteins or immunostained samples in adult brains and is scalable from a primate brain to subcellular structures. We also developed a whole-brain cell-nuclear counterstaining protocol and a computational image analysis pipeline that, together with CUBIC reagents, enable the visualization and quantification of neural activities induced by environmental stimulation. CUBIC enables time-course expression profiling of whole adult brains with single-cell resolution.

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