Are spirolides converted in biological systems?—A study

Spirolides are biologically active macrocycles isolated first from scallops and phytoplankton from aquaculture sites in Nova Scotia, Canada. These compounds displayed “fast-acting” toxicity in the traditional bioassay. That phenomenon is related to the presence of a cyclic imine function in these compounds. Spirolides containing vicinal methyl groups in their seven-membered ring are suspected of being resistant to hydrolysis. We studied possible conversions of vicinal methyl groups wearing spirolides of Alexandrium ostenfeldii KO287 in enzymatic cell-free tissue extracts of Mytilus edulis, Pecten maximus and Crassostrea gigas. Our observations suggest that spirolides that contain an extra methyl group on the imine ring compared with spirolide A and B survive enzymatic hydrolysis conditions in shellfish and therefore may be toxic for human beings when shellfish is consumed.