Advances in measuring single-cell pharmacology in vivo

•Introducing intravital microscopy imaging techniques for drug pharmacology.•Optical imaging enables in vivo measurements of pharmacokinetic.•Developing imaging modalities for single cell drug-target engagement measurements.•Measuring downstream pharmacodynamics response at the single cell level.

Measuring key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in vivo at the single cell level is likely to enhance drug discovery and development. In this review, we summarize recent advances in this field and highlight current and future capabilities.

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