Cancer-associated thrombosis: an update

Cancer-associated thrombosis is a common complication seen in oncology patients, and its incidence is rising. Thromboembolism is the second most common cause of death in cancer patients. Cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high rate of recurrence, increased risk of bleeding, and a requirement for long-term anticoagulation. The hypercoagulable state in cancer involves several complex interdependent mechanisms including emerging roles for tumor-derived tissue factor and platelets. Identifying patients at risk for VTE and utilizing available anticoagulant agents for primary or secondary prophylaxis is crucial to reduce morbidity, enhance quality of life, and improve survival.