An evaluation of the immunohistochemistry benefits of boric acid antigen retrieval on rat decalcified joint tissues

This paper describes the evaluation and optimisation of boric acid antigen retrieval (AR) in rat joint tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC), with reference to two sample IHC targets, CD31 (PECAM-1) and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA).Sections of buffered formalin-fixed arthritic tibial/talus joints, decalcified with EDTA, EDTA/formalin or Surgipath® Decalcifier I®, were subjected to one of a number of pre-treatments (none, 0.1% trypsin, 0.2 M acetic acid pH 7.0 or 0.2 M boric acid pH 7.0) and then immunostained for CD31 or PCNA.Of the pre-treatment AR regimens, boric acid gave the most consistent and specific immunostaining of both antigens in joints from the three different decalcification protocols. Satisfactory CD31 and PCNA staining was also achieved in EDTA decalcified joints with no pre-treatment. Likewise, PCNA could be demonstrated in Surgipath® decalcified tissue without pre-treatment, albeit at slightly lower staining intensity than achieved following boric acid. The remaining decalcification/pre-treatment conditions were unsatisfactory for IHC of the two antigens investigated because of lack of staining, non-specific staining or consistent loss of sections from the slides.Boric acid pre-treatment provides a valuable alternative low temperature AR method where conventional heat-mediated AR methods are normally required but cannot be used due to tissue type.