Dominantly Inherited Constitutional Epigenetic Silencing of MLH1 in a Cancer-Affected Family Is Linked to a Single Nucleotide Variant within the 5′UTR

SummaryConstitutional epimutations of tumor suppressor genes manifest as promoter methylation and transcriptional silencing of a single allele in normal somatic tissues, thereby predisposing to cancer. Constitutional MLH1 epimutations occur in individuals with young-onset cancer and demonstrate non-Mendelian inheritance through their reversal in the germline. We report a cancer-affected family showing dominant transmission of soma-wide highly mosaic MLH1 methylation and transcriptional repression linked to a particular genetic haplotype. The epimutation was erased in spermatozoa but reinstated in the somatic cells of the next generation. The affected haplotype harbored two single nucleotide substitutions in tandem; c.-27C > A located near the transcription initiation site and c.85G > T. The c.-27C > A variant significantly reduced transcriptional activity in reporter assays and is the probable cause of this epimutation.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (243 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Dominant transmission of mosaic soma-wide MLH1 epimutation in a family with cancer ► Epimutation is erased in the germline and reestablished in successive generations ► Epimutation is linked to a variant haplotype bearing a −27C > A change in 5′UTR ► c.-27C > A reduces transcription and is the likely basis of the epigenetic aberration