Malnourished Malawian patients presenting with large Wilms tumours have a decreased vincristine clearance rate

IntroductionIn developing countries, patients with a Wilms’ tumour often present late with a high degree of malnutrition and large tumours. We investigated whether this affects vincristine pharmacokinetics.MethodsPatients newly diagnosed with Wilms’ tumour in Malawi and the UK were included. We documented anthropometric parameters, nutritional status and tumour size. Vincristine (1.50 mg/m2) was administered as part of the standard chemotherapy regimen. Vincristine plasma concentrations were measured at several time points by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vincristine pharmacokinetic parameters (clearance and area under the curve) were calculated by non-compartmental analysis.ResultsEleven Malawian and 8 UK patients were included. Mean Z-score of (corrected) weight for height was significantly lower in the Malawian patients than in the UK patients (−2.3 versus 0.42, p < 0.0001). Mean tumour weight at diagnosis was significantly larger in Malawian patients (2.8 kg versus 0.7 kg, p = 0.007). Mean vincristine log Clearance was lower in Malawian as compared to UK patients (2.2 versus 2.6 ml/min, p = 0.001). Mean log AUC values were higher in Malawian than in UK patients (3.8 versus 3.5 μg/ml min, p = 0.003). This difference is reflected in the, on average, 1.98-fold larger vincristine AUC values for Malawian patients. The difference in AUC values was statistically significantly explained by nutritional status (p = 0.043).ConclusionMalnourished patients in Malawi exhibited lower vincristine clearance rates and thus higher AUC values than a comparable patient population with a better nutritional status in the UK. In malnourished patients, dose reductions may need to be considered to prevent an increased incidence and severity of toxicity.