Low frequency of MLL-partial tandem duplications in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia using MLPA as a novel DNA screenings technique

Mixed-lineage leukaemia (MLL)–partial tandem duplications (PTDs) are found in 3–5% of adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and are associated with poor prognosis. In adult AML, MLL–PTD is only detected in patients with trisomy 11 or internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD). To date, studies in paediatric AML are scarce, and reported large differences in the frequency of MLL–PTD, frequently utilising mRNA RT-PCR only to detect MLL–PTDs. We studied the frequency of MLL–PTD in a large cohort of paediatric AML (n = 276) and the results from two different methods, i.e. mRNA RT-PCR, and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), a method designed to detect copy number differences of specific DNA sequences. In some patients with an MLL-rearrangement, MLL–PTD transcripts were detected, but were not confirmed by DNA-MLPA, indicating that DNA-MLPA can more accurately detect MLL–PTD compared to mRNA RT-PCR. In paediatric AML, MLL–PTD was detected in 7/276 patients (2.5%). One case had a trisomy 11, while the others had normal cytogenetics. Furthermore 4 of the 7 patients revealed a FLT3-ITD, which was significantly higher compared with the other AML cases (p = 0.016). In conclusion, using DNA-MLPA as a novel screenings technique in combination with mRNA RT-PCR a low frequency of MLL–PTD in paediatric AML was found. Larger prospective studies are needed to further define the prognostic relevance of MLL–PTD in paediatric AML.