Role of the TNF-α promoter polymorphisms for development of multiple myeloma and clinical outcome in thalidomide plus dexamethasone

The role of TNF-α promoter polymorphisms in the development of multiple myeloma (MM) were tested in 210 patients and 218 healthy individuals and their impact on the clinical outcome were evaluated in 98 patients treated with thalidomide and dexamethasone (Thal + Dex) regimen. MM patients carrying the GA genotype (P = 0.01) or GA + AA genotypes (P = 0.02) at the TNF-α −308 polymorphism were associated with a reduced risk for MM. The TNF-α −238 GA + AA genotypes were associated with a significant enhancement in the progression-free survival (PFS) (P = 0.009) and a better overall survival (OS) (P = 0.088).