EFGR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and Li-Fraumeni syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature

•EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma belongs to the spectrum of predisposed neoplasms in LFS.•We provide the first description of resistance mutation to EGFR-TKI in a patient with LFS and lung adenocarcinoma.•Response to targeted therapy may benefit to the same extent to LFS patient as in the general population.

We report two cases of non-smoker patients diagnosed with EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma and bearing germinal TP53 gene mutation, also known as Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). We describe for the first time an EGFR-TKI resistance mutation in this population. Finally, we provide an analysis of discerning epidemiological data obtained from the IARC database and from all the published cases of EGFR-mutated lung cancer in TP53 germline mutation carriers.