Preclinical characterization of 18 F-MAA, a novel PET surrogate of 99mTc-MAA

Introduction99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) scintigraphy scan is routinely performed for lung perfusion imaging and for the assessment of in vivo distribution of 90Y-labeled SIR-Spheres prior to selective internal radiation treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is superior to gamma scintigraphy in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution and accuracy of quantification. This study reported that 18 F-labeled macroaggregated albumin (18 F-MAA) is an ideal PET imaging surrogate for 99mTc-MAA.Methods18 F-MAA was prepared from the commercial MAA kit via a one-step conjugation with N-succinimidyl 4-18 F-fluorobenzoate (18 F-SFB). The biodistribution study and microPET/microSPECT imaging were conducted in normal SD rats after intravenous injection of 18 F-MAA/99mTc-MAA. A comparison study of these two radiotracers was performed after co-injection via the intrahepatic arterial in a N1S1 hepatoma-bearing SD rat model.ResultsThe optimal condition for 18 F-MAA preparation is coupling MAA (0.5 mg) with 18 F-SFB at 45 °C for 5 min in a phosphate buffer of pH 8.5. 18 F-MAA was prepared in 60 min with high radiochemical yield (30%–35%) and high radiochemical purity (> 95%). The in vivo distribution of 18 F-MAA after intravenous injection meets the specifications of MAA depicted in European Pharmacopeia. Our study demonstrated excellent correlation between 18 F-MAA and 99mTc-MAA in the regional distribution of tumor, liver and lungs (R2 = 0.965, 0.886 and 0.991, respectively), and also in the tumor-to-liver and tumor-to-lungs ratio (R2 = 0.965 and 0.987, respectively) in a N1S1 hepatoma-bearing SD rat model. The organ uptakes derived from animal PET/CT and SPECT/CT imaging after administration of these two tracers were in accordance with those obtained in the distribution studies.ConclusionsStarting from commercial MAA kit, an efficient preparation of 18 F-MAA was successfully established. Highly correlated, almost parallel, regional distribution of 18 F-MAA and 99mTc-MAA in both normal rats and hepatoma-bearing rats was observed. The findings, taken together, demonstrate that 18 F-MAA is an ideal surrogate for 99mTc-MAA for clinical PET applications.