Thermodynamic determination of solvation potentials of divalent metal chlorides (MCl2) in iso–dielectric media by EMF measurements

Cell potentials (EMF) of metal chlorides (CoCl2 and CuCl2) were measured at T = (303.15 and 313.15) K on the cell: MX Hg|MCl2 (m) in solvent S|AgCl–Ag, where S = water or iso–dielectric media with water of FD + DMF or FD + D. Stock solutions of metal chlorides were prepared by mass in water/iso–dielectric solvents. There was a change in the EMF values in these iso–dielectric media from its pure components. This change of EMF was associated with the change of ion–solvent interactions and was explained on the basis of kinetics of electrode processes. Equilibrium constants (K1 and K2) as well as the degrees of dissociation (α1 and α2) values for two step dissociation of metal chlorides in these solvents were obtained by iterative procedures. The standard electrode potential (E°) values of the above cell were calculated in these solvents, and same were used to get the mean ionic activity coefficients (γ±) and standard thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) of MCl2. The E  ° values were also used to compute the standard molar Gibbs free energy of transfer (ΔGtr∘) and other transfer thermodynamic parameters (ΔHtr∘ and ΔStr∘) of MCl2 from water to iso–dielectric media.