The paradoxical role of IL-17 in atherosclerosis

•IL-17 can have both protective and exacerbating effect on atherosclerosis.•Various IL-17+ cells are pivotal to explore the role of IL-17 in atherosclerosis.•IL-17 inhibitors should be used with caution to avoid aggravating atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent years, CD4+ T cells (Th1, Th2, Treg, and Th17) have been increasingly studied for their role in atherosclerosis pathophysiology, atheroma stability, plaque rupture, and life-threatening acute coronary syndrome. IL-17, a marker cytokine of Th17 cells, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma. However, its role in atherosclerosis has been poorly characterized. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of IL-17 in the development of atherosclerosis and human coronary artery diseases.