Directed cell invasion and migration during metastasis

Metastasis requires tumor cell dissemination to different organs from the primary tumor. Dissemination is a complex cell motility phenomenon that requires the molecular coordination of the protrusion, chemotaxis, invasion and contractility activities of tumor cells to achieve directed cell migration. Recent studies of the spatial and temporal activities of the small GTPases have begun to elucidate how this coordination is achieved. The direct visualization of the pathways involved in actin polymerization, invasion and directed migration in dissemination competent tumor cells will help identify the molecular basis of dissemination and allow the design and testing of more specific and selective drugs to block metastasis.

► Invadopodium degrading protrusion facilitate degradation of basement membranes by tumor cells. ► Motility is an important feature of invasive tumor cells. ► FRET-based GTPases biosensors allow direct visualization of GTPases activation in living cells during invasion. ► RhoC mechanism of invadopodium protrusion confinement.