Allogeneic bone marrow stromal cell transplantation after cerebral hemorrhage achieves cell transdifferentiation and modulates endogenous neurogenesis

Background aimsWhen a severe neurologic lesion occurs as a consequence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), there is no effective treatment available for improving the outcome. However, cell therapy has opened new perspectives on reducing neurologic sequels subsequent to this diseaseMethodsIn this study, ICH was induced by stereotactic injection of 0.5 U collagenase type IV in the striatum of adult Wistar rats, and 2 h later a group of animals (n = 48) was subjected to intracerebral injection of 2 × 106 allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), while a control group (n = 48) received saline only. Eight animals from each group were killed at 48 h, 72 h, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days. At these time-points, endogenous neurogenesis and survival of transplanted BMSC were studied.ResultsOur findings show that after allogeneic BMSC transplantation, donor cells can survive in the brain tissue expressing neuronal and astroglial markers. Furthermore, BMSC transplantation enhances endogenous neurogenesis and inhibits apoptosis of newborn neural cells.ConclusionsAlthough these results should be extrapolated to human disease with caution, it is obvious that cell therapy using allogeneic BMSC transplantation offers great promise for developing novel and efficacious strategies in patients suffering ICH.