Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
2189890 Journal of Molecular Biology 2006 9 Pages PDF
Abstract

High-resolution crystallographic structures of recombinant human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand-binding domain (isotype β/δ) reveal a fatty acid in the binding site. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of C16:0, C16:1, C18:0 and C18:1 in a ratio of approximately 3:2:1:4 with 11, Z-octadecenoic acid (cis-vaccenic acid) identified as the predominant species. These are endogenous fatty acids acquired from the bacterial expression system, and serve to lock the ligand-binding domain into the activated conformation. A requirement for crystal growth, the additive n-heptyl-β-d-glucopyranoside, binds near the activation function helix where recognition of co-activator proteins occurs. Our observations suggest potential physiological ligands for human PPAR-β/δ and highlight that reported binding studies must be treated with caution unless endogenous fatty acids have been removed from the sample prior to analysis.

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