Puberty and polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous familial disorder characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. This multi-system, polygenic, multi-factorial disorder is associated with an increased risk for metabolic abnormalities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Signs and symptoms of PCOS often emerge during the peri-pubertal years with premature pubarche (PP) being the earliest manifestation for some girls. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are important pathophysiological features that are common to both PP and PCOS. Future investigations are needed to uncover the relevant genetic and hormonal factors and identify effective interventions.