Column performances on fluoride removal by agglomerated Ce(IV)–Zr(IV) mixed oxide nanoparticles packed fixed-beds

Fluoride adsorption over agglomerated (140–290 μm) Ce(IV)–Zr(IV) mixed oxide nanoparticles (∼50 nm) packed fixed-beds has been reported from ground waters. Parameters varied are input concentration (C0), bed volume (BV) and effluent rate. Throughput volume increased at breakthrough point (1.0 mg F− L−1) with increasing BV, decreasing C0 and effluent rate. Thomas kinetic model described the breakthrough data too well. Length of mass transfer zone (0.6039 cm) and bed capacity (542.43 mg cm−3) obtained from bed depth service time model gave promising signal for agglomerated Ce(IV)–Zr(IV) mixed oxide packed fixed-beds for filtration of high fluoride (C0 = 3.0 mg L−1) ground water.