2D–3D nucleation and growth of palladium on graphite electrode

Nucleation and growth of palladium on graphite electrode was studied by electrochemical techniques. Crossovers in cyclic voltammograms demonstrate that the deposition of palladium proceed via a nucleation/growth mechanism. In the early stage of the deposition, two-dimensional (2D–3D) nucleation and growth proceeding through instantaneous and a multitude of progressive steps followed the initial double layer charging. Non-linear fitting methods were applied to obtain the kinetic parameters in the light of Bewick, Fleischmann, and Thirsk theory for 2D and Armstrong, Fleischmann, and Thirsk model for 3D nucleation and growth process.