Experimental investigation and modeling of the solubility of carvedilol in supercritical carbon dioxide

⿢Solubility of carvedilol in temperature and pressures of 308⿿338 K and 160⿿400 bar was measured.⿢Static method coupled with gravimetric analysis was used to obtain the solubility of carvedilol.⿢Solubility of carvedilol was in the range of 1.12 ÿ 10⿿5 and 5.01 ÿ 10⿿3 based on mole fraction.⿢Solubilities correlated by four correlations namely MST, Bartle et al., Chrastil and K-J models.

This study was aimed to measure the solubility of carvedilol in the temperature and pressure ranges of 308⿿338 K and 160 bar to 400 bar, respectively. In this direction, a homemade high pressure visual equilibrium cell was used to measure the solubility of carvedilol using a static method coupled with gravimetric technique. The results revealed that the carvedilol solubility was ranged between 1.12 ÿ 10⿿5 and 5.01 ÿ 10⿿3 based on the mole fraction (mole of carvedilol/mole of carvedilol + mole of CO2) in this study as the temperature and pressure was changed. Finally, the results were correlated using four density-based semi-empirical correlations including Chrastil, Mendez⿿Santiago⿿Teja (MST), Bartle et al., and Kumar and Johnston (K-J) models. Results revealed that although the K-J model leads to the lowest average absolute relative deviation percent (AARD %) of 6.27%, but it could not be considered as the most accurate correlation since all the used four correlations introduces AARD % of about 6⿿10% which may be in the same range as the experimental error.

Graphical abstractMeasured solubility of carvedilol at different pressures and different isotherms.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide