Decreasing Fe0 and Fe3O4 nano particle size by simultaneous synthesis on a bio-polymeric structure: Kinetic study to remove Amaranth from aqueous solution

Fe0 and Fe3O4 nano-particles (FFNPs) were synthesized, simultaneously, and stabilized by the cross-linked pectin with adipic acid (CPA) to obtain FFNPs–CPA with the ability of Amaranth (AM) removal. Fe0 and Fe3O4 nano-particles in FFNPs–CPA had a smaller average size than one, when used to connect CPA, separately. About 73% of nano-particles in Fe0NPs–CPA and 85% of nano-particles in Fe3O4NPs–CPA had the size of 25 to 45 nm and 17 to 47 nm, respectively, while about 100% of nano-particles in FFNPs–CPA had the size 5 to 24 nm. These results showed that the simultaneous presence of Fe0 and Fe3O4 nano-particles in the synthesis process reduces the crystal growth of nano-particles. The removal percent of AM was determined 89.1 and 81.3 by Fe0NPs–CPA and Fe3O4NPs–CPA, respectively, for a dye initial concentration of 150 ppm, while it was determined 98.2 by FFNPs–CPA. The removal of Amaranth by the pointed agents was as the first and second-order kinetic model for 0–8 and 8–80 min, respectively.

Graphical abstractFe0 and Fe3O4 nano-particles were synthesized (FFNPs), simultaneously, and were stabilized by the cross-linked pectin with adipic acid (CPA) to obtain FFNPs–CPAAs can be seen, Fe0 nano particles in FFNPs–CPA are seen as the spherical shape with the more turbidity (some of them are marked by the blue lines), while Fe3O4 nano particles are seen as the less spherical shape with the less turbidity (which some of them are marked by the red lines).Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide