A revised surface tension model for macro-scale particle methods

A simple treatment for surface tension in immiscible fluids is proposed for macro-scale particle methods such as smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and macro-scale pseudo-particle modeling (MaPPM). By introducing a repulsion between the neighboring particles of different fluids, surface tension arises automatically, while simple equations of state are still possible for each phase. This treatment is validated by comparative simulations on the deformation of a square liquid drop in suspension using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The relationship between surface tension and the repulsion intensity parameter in our model is obtained by the sessile drop method.

Graphical abstractBy simply introducing a repulsion between neighboring particles of different fluids, we proposed a treatment of surface tension in immiscible fluids for smoothed particle hydrodynamics, while simple equations of state are still possible for each phase. This treatment is validated in simulations and the relationship between surface tension and repulsion intensity is studied.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide