Drag on a sphere in a spherical dispersion containing Carreau fluid

The drag on a rigid sphere in a spherical dispersion containing Carreau fluid is investigated theoretically based on a free surface cell model for Reynolds number in the range [0.1,100], Carreau number in the range [0,10], the power-law index in the range [0.3,1], and the void fraction in the range [0.271,0.999]. The influences of the particle concentration, the nature of the Carreau fluid, and Reynolds number, on the drag coefficient are examined. We show that the drag coefficient declines with the decreasing particle concentration, and the reversal of the flow field in the rear region of a sphere is enhanced by the shear-thinning nature of the fluid. An empirical relation, which correlates the drag coefficient with the void fraction (= 1 − particle concentration), the nature of the Carreau fluid, and Reynolds number, is proposed.

Graphical abstractThe steady translation of rigid spheres of radius rp and relative velocity V in a Carreau fluid is simulated by a nit cell, which comprises a representative sphere and a concentric spherical liquid shell of radius Rc. An empirical relation correlating the drag coefficient with the void fraction, the nature of the Carreau fluid, and Reynolds number is proposed.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide