Saponins from the Spanish saffron Crocus sativus are efficient adjuvants for protein-based vaccines

Protein and peptide-based vaccines provide rigorously formulated antigens. However, these purified products are only weakly immunogenic by themselves and therefore require the addition of immunostimulatory components or adjuvants in the vaccine formulation. Various compounds derived from pathogens, minerals or plants, possess pro-inflammatory properties which allow them to act as adjuvants and contribute to the induction of an effective immune response. The results presented here demonstrate the adjuvant properties of novel saponins derived from the Spanish saffron Crocus sativus. In vivo immunization studies and tumor protection experiments unambiguously establish the value of saffron saponins as candidate adjuvants. These saponins were indeed able to increase both humoral and cellular immune responses to protein-based vaccines, ultimately providing a significant degree of protection against tumor challenge when administered in combination with a tumor antigen. This preclinical study provides an in depth immunological characterization of a new saponin as a vaccine adjuvant, and encourages its further development for use in vaccine formulations.

► We demonstrate the adjuvant properties of novel saponins derived from the Spanish saffron Crocus sativus. ► C. sativus saponin fraction CS5 can increase both humoral and cellular immune responses to protein-based vaccines. ► CS5 saponins provided a significant degree of protection against tumor challenge when administered in combination with a tumor antigen. ► This in depth characterization of CS5 as an adjuvant encourages its clinical development for use in vaccine formulations.