In silico DNA vaccine designing against human papillomavirus (HPV) causing cervical cancer

HPV vaccines available in the market are not effective against different strains of papillomavirus, therefore, there is a need to develop a new prophylactic DNA vaccine which can work against different strains of HPVs and may lead to protection of cervical cancer against new pandemic viruses. We designed a potential prophylactic DNA vaccine by using all the consensus epitopic sequences of HPVs L2 capsid protein and performed in silico cloning of multiepitopic antigenic DNA sequence in pVAX-1 vector. Immunogenicity of vaccine has been enhanced by techniques like codon optimization, engineering CpG motifs, introducing promoters and co-injection with plasmids expressing immune-stimulatory molecules.