The impact of a new universal infant and school-based adolescent hepatitis B vaccination program in Australia

We compared the results of two national serosurveys in Australia to evaluate the impact of universal infant vaccination and school-based programs for adolescents. Immunity improved significantly overall, especially in 1-year-olds (40.0% versus 86%; p < 0.0001); in adolescents it was significantly higher in regions with established school-based programs (56.6% versus 38.8%; p = 0.0008). 6.1% of 1–59-year-olds were positive for HBcAb and 0.7% for HBsAg. We have demonstrated successful implementation of universal infant hepatitis B vaccination in Australia and that school-based programs for adolescents are effective. This experience should be applicable to low prevalence countries in northern Europe which have not implemented universal hepatitis B immunisation.