Enhancing immune responses against a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding a FMDV empty capsid from serotype O

Various parameters have been examined for the improvement of immune responses induced by immunisation with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) DNA vaccine (pcDNA 3.1/P1-2A3C3D, P1) in swine. Our findings show that increasing the amount of P1 DNA plasmids and pGMCSF adjuvant plasmids induces stronger FMDV specific and neutralising antibody responses, as well as promoting cytokines IL-8 and IFNγ secretion, in immunised pigs via multiple inoculation sites.