Detonative propulsion

A survey of propulsion based on detonation of chemical systems is provided in this paper. After a short historical review, basic schematics of engines utilizing detonation as the combustion mechanism are described. Possible improvement of propulsive efficiency due to detonative combustion which results in a significant pressure increase is presented, and a comparison of deflagrative and detonative combustion is discussed. Basic research on Pulsed Detonation Engines (PDE) and rotating detonations in cylindrical and disk-like chambers for different mixtures is presented. Basic principles of engines utilizing Standing Detonation Waves as well as Ram Accelerators are also provided. Detailed descriptions of PDE as well as Rotating Detonation Engines (RDE) are given. Different implementations of the PDE concept are presented and experimental and theoretical results to date are reviewed. Special attention is given to RDE, since rotating detonation can be applied to all kinds of propulsive engines including rocket, ramjet, turbine, and combined-cycle engines. A survey of detonative propulsion research carried out at different laboratories is presented, and possible future applications of such propulsion systems are discussed. A short note on detonative propulsion using non-chemical energy sources is also given.