Leishmania infantum nicotinamidase is required for late-stage development in its natural sand fly vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus

Leishmania infantum nicotinamidase, encoded by the Lipnc1 gene, converts nicotinamide into nicotinic acid to ensure Nicotinamide–Adenine–Dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. We were curious to explore the role of this enzyme during L. infantum development in its natural sand fly vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera, Phlebotominae), using null mutants with a deleted Lipnc1 gene. The null mutants developed as well as the wild type L. infantum at the early time points post their ingestion within the blood meal. In contrast, once the blood meal digestion was completed, the null mutants were unable to develop further and establish late-stage infections. Data highlight the importance of the nicotinamide degradation pathway for Leishmania development in sand flies. They indicate that the endogenous nicotinamidase is essential for Leishmania development in the sand fly after the blood meal has been digested and the remnants defecated.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (190 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The role of the nicotinamidase Lipnc1 gene during the intravectorial development of Leishmania infantum was studied. ► Lipnc1−/− parasites are unable to establish late-stage infections after blood meal defecation. ► Endogenous nicotinamidase is essential for Leishmania development in its natural vector, Phlebotomus perniciosus.