| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2460011 | Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice | 2008 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
Many factors contribute to the well-being of calves on the commercial dairy including housing and environment; nutritional and health programs; handling and caretaker interactions; herd dynamics; and the common management practices of transportation, euthanasia, dehorning, and teat removal. Ensuring and assessing the welfare of calves on commercial dairies is a complex challenge, especially because the terminology and factors contributing to assessing animal welfare in agricultural animals, such as dairy calves, has not been clearly defined within the scientific community.
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Authors
Carolyn PhD, Jim DVM, MPVM,