| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2460880 | Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice | 2009 | 12 Pages |
Abstract
Exploratory thoracoscopy in small animal veterinary medicine is, compared with an open exploratory thoracotomy, a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure with several benefits. Specific indications, patient positioning, and anesthetic considerations are discussed, as well as instrumentation and general techniques for endoscopic intrathoracic exploration and biopsy.
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Authors
Chad DVM,