Cell-based genomic screening: elucidating virus–host interactions

Viruses rely on host cell machinery for successful infection, while at the same time evading the host immune response. Characterization of these processes has revealed insights both into fundamental cellular processes as well as the nuances of viral replication. The recent advent of cell-based screening coupled with RNAi technology, has greatly facilitated studies focused on characterizing the virus–host interface and has expanded our understanding of cellular factors that impact viral infection. These findings have led to the discovery of potential therapeutic targets, but there is certainly more to be discovered. In this article we will review the recent progress in this arena and discuss the challenges and future of this emerging field.

► Various cell-based approaches to uncover virus–host interactions are reviewed. ► Recent discoveries of some genes and pathways using different cell-based screening approaches discussed. ► Comparisons of strengths and weakness of some of the cell-based screening strategies were assessed. ► Integration of multiple high-throughput ‘omics’ approaches may open new avenues.