p53 Protein or BID protein select the route to either apoptosis (programmed cell death) or to cell cycle arrest opposing carcinogenesis after DNA damage by ROS

Summaryp53 is a tumour-suppressor protein of human cells that prevents their entry into the route to carcinogenesis. Furthermore, p53 protein acts at the p53-response loci in genomic DNA to facilitate the switch-on of genes that can be expressed by the biosynthesis of routing-proteins for apoptosis or stalling of cellular proliferation (via cell cycle progression checkpoint arrests).Moreover, oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the hydroxyl radical (OH) produced by ionizing radiation (carcinogenic) triggers p53 activation in response to the damage of DNA (followed by initiation of DNA-repair mechanisms). Phosphorylation of the BID protein may lead to the recovery from DNA-damage by ROS.