Reducing of phorbol ester content in callus cultures of physic nut (Jatropha Curcas L.) using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid

Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) is an important plant. It has been used as pesticide, and herbal medicine. The oil from J. curcas can serve as biofuel that have high economically value. This plant contain toxic compound such as phorbol ester. Reducing of toxic compound from the plant would be useful to give added values of this plant. Callus cultures were initiated from J. curcas L. seed using MS medium, and treated by manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. Phorbol ester content from seeds, callus and treated callus was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Content of phorbol ester in seed and callus culture were 7,41 mg/g DW and 2,44 mg/g DW - 5,27 mg/g DW, respectively. Treatment using manganese chloride (MnCl2) 2 mM and 3 mM showed that the content of phorbol ester in callus culture decreased up to 30,5% and 30,6% respectively, at day 7. While, treatment using n-ethylmaleimid (NEM) 0,6; 0,9; and 1,2 mM showed that the content of phorbol ester in callus culture decrease up to 26,6%, 6,25%, and 32,2% respectively, at day 21. Phorbol ester content in callus culture of J. curcas was lower than its original seeds then it can be more reduced using manganese chloride and n-ethylmaleimid. This finding showed that cell cultures technique can be used to reduce the production of toxic compounds in J. curcas