Anti-angiogenic effect and mechanism of rhein from Rhizoma Rhei

PurposeRhein is a major bioactive component in rhubarb (Dahuang), a famous traditional Chinese medicine derived from the rhizome of Rheum palmatum and related species. It was reported to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous studies found rhein displaying potent anti-angiogenic activities in a zebrafish embryo model. Its action mechanisms need further elucidation.MethodsThe inhibition effect of vessel formation was checked by microscopic imaging on Tg(fli1a:EGFP)y1 zebrafish embryos. Then the action mechanism of rhein was investigated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on wild type zebrafish embryos and further tested on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.ResultsAt 20 μM, rhein could almost completely block intersegmental blood vessels formation at both 48 and 72 hpf, and completely inhibit subintestinal vessel plexus formation at 72 hpf. Rhein affected multiple molecular targets related to angiogenesis, particularly angpt2 and tie2, and also inhibited endothelial cell migration.ConclusionRhein could inhibit angiogenesis, which may play a role in antitumor and anti-inflammatory actions.