Multifunctional Material Systems: A state-of-the-art review

An increase in system-level efficiency and multifunctionality of products and components is one of the main advantages of the use of some novel polyvalent materials and structures. This polyvalence or multifunctionality is currently a hot topic in science and engineering circles and is gathering more and more attention. Presently, this multifunctionality can be achieved by stimuli responsive materials such as temperature, stress and light, by using shape memory materials, by using surface structures with anti-biofouling and drag reduction capabilities, among many others. In this article, an overview of the topic is presented, including state-of-the-art review and future directions to increase innovation in developing both these materials and structures.