Measurable outcomes in psychiatric disorders: Remission as a marker of wellness

Background:Mental disorders are highly prevalent, heterogeneous, and of multifactorial etiology. Collectively, they are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost. Wellness is the optimal outcome in the management of chronic medical and psychiatric disorders.Objectives:This review provides a synopsis of definitions and operational criteria for remission in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The overall goals were to propose a treatment framework that gives primacy to therapeutic outcomes and to provide a rationale for psychiatry to quantify and measure patient outcome.Methods:Articles proposing definitions for remission were identified using a MEDLINE search (1966–April 2005) of the English-language literature (key terms: remission, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia).Results:Operationalizing and quantifying critical end points in psychiatric disorders may help sharpen the focus of therapeutic activity and benefit patient outcome. In the absence of a validated biomarker of psychiatric illness activity, symptomatic remission and functional restoration are the only available markers of wellness in psychiatry. There is an emerging consensus regarding a definition for remission in major depressive disorder; several working definitions for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders have been proposed. Developments in adult mood disorders-albeit incomplete-have been informative; managing psychiatric disorders that first appear in childhood (eg, ADHD) may also benefit by objectifying patient outcome.Conclusions:Research is needed to determine the impact of applying a remission-focused model of illness management-emphasizing quantifiable, objective, and measurable end points-on overall patient outcomes.