The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis

The second messenger, cAMP, is one of the most important regulatory signals for control of steroidogenesis. This review focuses on current knowledge about regulation of cyclic nucleotides by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenic tissues. The first PDE known to directly regulate steroidogenesis was PDE2, the cGMP-stimulated PDE. PDE2 mediates ANP/cGMP-induced decreases in aldosterone production. Recently, the PDE8 family has been shown to control steroidogenesis in two tissues. Specifically, PDE8A regulates testosterone production by itself and in concert with additional IBMX-sensitive PDEs. PDE8B modulates basal corticosterone synthesis via acute and chronic mechanisms. In addition to cAMP-dependent pathways, cGMP signaling also can promote steroidogenesis, and PDE5 modulates this process. Finally, PDE mutations may lead to several human diseases characterized by abnormal steroid levels.

► The cGMP-stimulated PDE2 mediates cGMP-induced decrease in aldosterone production. ► PDE8A regulates testosterone production by itself and in concert with other PDEs. ► PDE8B modulates basal corticosterone synthesis via acute and chronic mechanisms. ► cGMP signals also can potentiate steroidogenesis, and PDE5 modulates this process.