Tanshinone IIA suppresses inflammatory bone loss by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in osteoblasts

Tanshinone IIA isolated from Danshen is widely used in Oriental medicine. However, the action of tanshinone IIA in inflammatory bone-resorptive diseases remains unknown. Here we examined the effect of tanshinone IIA in inflammation-mediated osteoclastic bone resorption. Tanshinone IIA inhibited osteoclast differentiation in cocultures of bone marrow cells and calvarial osteoblasts. Tanshinone IIA regulated the expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in osteoblasts treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Also, tanshinone IIA inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by inhibiting Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by LPS. Furthermore, tanshinone IIA greatly suppressed bone loss in the mouse models of bone loss. Our findings suggest that tanshinone IIA inhibits osteoclast formation by inhibiting COX-2/PGE2 signaling and by suppressing bone erosion in vivo. These results suggest that tanshinone IIA may be of therapeutic value as an anti-bone-resorptive drug in the treatment of bone-related disease.