Thalidomide destabilizes cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR

We investigated the effect of thalidomide on transcriptional and post-transcriptional cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, including a pathway leading to COX-2 mRNA destabilization. We found that thalidomide inhibited the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated induction of COX-2 protein and mRNA in Caco-2 cells. Transient transfection with a COX-2 promoter construct demonstrated that thalidomide did not affect IL-1β-induced transcriptional activation of COX-2, although it did decrease the stability of COX-2 mRNA and suppress IL-1β-induced cytoplasmic shuttling of an mRNA stabilizing protein, HuR. Thalidomide also suppressed IL-1β-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, while a p38 MAPK inhibitor destabilized COX-2 mRNA and the cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR induced by IL-1β. These data suggest that one of the molecular mechanisms of thalidomide may be destabilization of COX-2 mRNA through inhibition of cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR and p38 MAPK.