An efficient higher-order theory and finite element for laminated plates subjected to thermal loading

In the present paper, the global–local higher-order theory is simply derived, which satisfies the free surface conditions and the geometric and stress continuity conditions at interfaces. Moreover, the number of unknowns of this theory is independent of the layer numbers of the laminate. Based on the global–local higher-order theory, the discrete Kirchhoff element PDKT and refined triangular plate element PRT9 are presented for predicting interlaminar stresses and displacements in laminated plates subjected to thermal loading. The two triangular elements satisfy the interelement C1 continuity conditions. The numerical examples show that the in-plane stresses and transverse shear stresses can be accurately calculated by the direct constitutive equation approach. The equilibrium equation approach is employed to predict transverse normal stresses.