Insulin receptor and IRS-1 co-immunoprecipitation with SOCS-3, and IKKα/β phosphorylation are increased in obese Zucker rat skeletal muscle

Increased IKKα/β and JNK serine phosphorylation may contribute to increasing IRS-1 serine phosphorylation, while concurrent co-localization of SOCS-3 with both IR-β and IRS-1 may prevent IRS-1 from interacting with IR-β. These two mechanisms thusly may independently contribute to impairing insulin-stimulated PI3-K activation in the skeletal muscle of the obese Zucker rat.