Inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates cytokine release: The time course in conscious and septic rats

Nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) are postulated to play a key pathophysiologic role during sepsis. In this study, we examined the time course of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression and the plasma TNF-α and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated conscious rats. The hemodynamic pattern in septic shock is more similar to clinical conditions without anesthesia. The data showed that a significant increase in iNOS mRNA levels was found in the spleen, lung, liver, with slight elevation in the heart and kidney at 3 h after LPS administration. However, iNOS mRNA levels were not elevated significantly in all tissues examined at 24 h. In the plasma, TNF-α and IL-1β culminated within 1 h, and reduced gradually to baseline levels in a relatively short period (within 9 h). The results suggest that local NO production by activation of iNOS mRNA expression and cytokine release may contribute to LPS-induced organ dysfunction at various time points.