Review on heterogeneous model reconstruction of stone-based composites in numerical simulation

•A thorough review was made on the heterogeneous model of stone-based composites.•The models can overall fall into two categories: image based model and computer generated model.•The advantages and limitations of the two types of models were summarized.•Future research suggestions were presented based on the review results.

Numerical simulation has been widely employed in investigating stone-based composite behaviors. Model reconstruction is a prerequisite step to conduct numerical simulations. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the development of heterogeneous model reconstruction of stone-based composites, in particular, Portland cement concrete and asphalt mixtures. The numerical models mainly refer to discrete element models and finite element models. According to the review results, there are two types of heterogeneous models for stone-based materials based on modeling methods, the image based model and computer generated model. The image based model is obtained through image processing on X-ray or optical images by identifying the different phases in the composite. The computer generated model is obtained by placing computer generated aggregate particles into asphalt or cement matrix. Some subcategories for both the image based and computer generated models were detailed as well. The pros and cons of the image based models and computer generated models were also stated and some suggestions were provided. In general, image based models can capture the detailed geometrical information of each phase, but it is costly and time consuming, and the model accuracy is highly dependent on the image processing techniques. Compared to image based model, the computer generated model is more cost effective and much easier to implement, but the main concern is the accuracy of the aggregate model shapes. Future research directions are also provided based on the authors’ views.