Material efficiency in the design of ultra-high performance concrete

•Material efficiency in ultra-high performance concrete design.•Using spread value as quick indicator to fine-tune mix design.•Combine workability, mechanical performance and costs to conclude efficiency.•Provide UHPC mix designs using materials available in the US.•Material costs are mainly influenced by fiber reinforcement.

This research investigates the material efficiency in the design of ultra-high performance concrete. The material efficiency is influenced by the flowability, mechanical performance, durability and cost. Suitable material constituents have been pre-selected based on their properties and availability in the United States of America. The efficiency of the constituents is progressively investigated using the following three step approach emphasizing: (1) ultra-high performance paste, (2) ultra-high performance matrix, and (3) ultra-high performance fiber composite. Mix design recommendations for performance and cost effective ultra-high performance concretes are made and conclusions for further enhancements are drawn.