Investigation on early hydration of ternary Portland cement-blast-furnace slag–metakaolin blends

•Initial hydration of PC–BFS–MK ternary system is influenced mainly by PC and MK.•MK accelerates the hydration of clinker minerals.•The third peak on calorimetric curve is related to formation of hemicarbonate.•Hemicarbonate is formed as a product of conversion of ettringite.

The paper investigates the hydration of ternary blends comprising Portland cement, blast-furnace slag and metakaolin. The isothermal calorimetry and “in situ” X-ray diffraction was used to evaluate the effect of metakaolin and blast-furnace slag on the early hydration of blends. XRD, DTA and SEM were used to analyze the hardened paste after 1 month of hydration. Metakaolin influences significantly the kinetics, mechanism and products of hydration at initial period of hydration causing the rapid formation of ettringite. Hemicarbonate aluminate hydrate is formed as a product of ettringite conversion due to the presence of reactive calcite in Portland cement.